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非谓语动词作后置定语_非谓语动词作定语讲解与练习

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非谓语动词做定语

动词不定式

动词不定式 主动式 被动式

一般式

进行式 /

完成式

完成进行式 /

1. 不定式作定语修饰名词或代词,它只能放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面,表示要做的事(尚未发生)

the next train to arrive 下班要到的火车 nothing to say 没要说的事情

2. 被修饰的名词与不定式之间可能存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即所修饰的名词是不定式的逻辑主语

the first guest to arrive at the party 第一个到达晚会的客人

the next person to speak at the meeting 下一个会上发言的人

被修饰的名词与不定式之间可能存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即所修饰的名词是不定式的逻辑宾语

a meeting to attend 一个要参加的会议 somewhere to live 居住的地方

如果被修饰名词和不定式中的动词构成动宾关系,而动词为不及物动词,则该动词后要加上适当的介词

a room to live in 一个住的房间 a pen to write ________一支写字的笔

a piece of paper to write ______ 一张写字的纸 a stool to sit _____ 一把坐到小凳子

3. 一些表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词后面要求接不定式作其定语,如:ability, attempt, effort等

his promise to come for a visit 他来访的诺言( promise to do)

his ability to get on with people他和人相处的能力 (be able to do)

4. 很多特定的名词后也可用不定式做定语,这样的名词常用的有:way(方式,方法),time,reason,chance(机会),opportunity(机会),need(必要),wish(愿望),effort(努力),right(权利)。

no reason to doubt his word 没有理由怀疑他的话

an opportunity to go abroad to study further 一个到国外深造的机会

5. 不定式做定语除了原形to do外,还会下面的形式,即:

不定式的被动形式to be done,表示被修饰名词和动词不定式的动作存在被动关系

There are plans to be made at once.要立即制定计划。(表示计划被制定)

He was the second man___________________________.他是第二个这样被杀害的人。(表示这个人被杀害)

不定式的完成时to have done 表示动词不定式的动作先于句子的谓语动词发生

There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me.没有必要给我买一双新鞋。

(to have bought意为“已买” 说明买的动作比句子be 动词先发生).

区别:主动形式和被动形式使用情况

1.There be句型中不定式to do和to be done都可表被动,可以不区别,用主动更多。如:There are a lot of things to do/to be done this afternoon.今天下午有许多事要做。

2.当不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系同时又与本句中的另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系时,用不定式的主动形式to do。如:

Mr. Smith,I have some questions to ask. (不定式to ask的动作执行者是主语I)

Please give me some books________________.请给我一些书读。(不定式to read的动作执行者是句中的me)

但:I"m going to the post office; do you have anything to be sent?我要去邮局,你有什么要寄的东西吗?

(此句中send这个动作不是句中you发出的, 不构成主谓关系,所以用了被动)

I’ve finished typing the file. Do you have any more __________________________(type)?

动词的-ing形式

1. 形式

动词-ing形式 主动式 被动式

一般式

完成式

2. 位置:1)单个的动词的-ing形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;a flying object

2)动词的-ing形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。an object flying in the air

3. 用法: 1)说明被修饰词的性质,特征或用途。

an operating table 一张手术台 = a table which is used for operating

a walking stick 一根拐杖 = a stick which is used to help a person to walk

2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。

the number of the students studying in Taihe High School 在泰河中学读书的学生数目

the woman talking to our head teacher 正在和我们的班主任说话的那个妇女

3)如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系,就用它的被动式,即being done.being doing通常表示正在被做,常做后置定语。 the tall building being built now 正在被建的高楼

the question being discussed正在被讨论的问题 正在拍摄的电影_____________________________

4)完成体的-ing通常不做定语,可以用定语从句

我们一般不说: the girl having won the race 而常这样说:The girl who has won the race

5)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词,常做定语用来修饰物,表示“令人……”。常用的此类词有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening等

an amazing success 一个惊人的成功 the shocking news 令人震惊的消息

注意: a page missing from this book 书中的缺页

动词的过去分词形式做定语

1. 形式: done

2. 位置:1)单个的动词的过去分词形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前;man-made satellites 人造卫星;

2)动词的过去分词形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后 satellites made in China 中国造的卫星

3. 用法:1) 过去分词做定语常用来表示与被修饰的词存在被动关系,且动作已经完成。

used books 用过的书 the novels written by Lu Xun 鲁迅写的小说

改变了的世界___________________________ 那家新开的饭馆___________________________________

去年造的那个楼 ________________________张艺谋导演的电影__________________________________

2)如果分词的动词是不及物动词,则只表示完成,不表示被动

fallen leaves 落叶(指已经掉到地上的树叶) the newly-arrived goods新到的货

一个(已经)退休的老师_______________________________

巩固练习:

1. 发达国家 _________________________ 2. 发展中国家 _________________________

3. 昨天举行的会_________________________ 4. 现在在举行的会_________________________

5. 明天举行的会_________________________ 6. 旭日 _________________________

7. 累人的活 _________________________ 8. 一个劳累的表情_________________________

9. 正在装修的房子_______________________ 10. 我爷爷种的树 _________________________

11. 他做出的承诺________________________ 12. 他帮我的承诺 _________________________

13. 第一个吃螃蟹的人_____________________ 14. 解决这个问题的方法____________________

15. 一封要写的信 _____________________ 16. 一封要(人)打印的信 _____________________

1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ____. A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on

2. I’m not sure which restaurant ___________. A. to eat on B. eating at C. to eat at D. for eating

3. ---“What do you think of this middle school?” ---“It is a very good ___________.”

A. school to study B. school to study in C. studying school D. school for children to study

4. ---“I’d like to buy an expensive camera.” ---“Well, we have several models ___________.”

A. to choose from B. of choice C. to be chosen D. for choosing

5. We had no money and no place __________. A. to live in B. to live C. living in D. living

6. He loves parties. He is always the first __________ and the last __________.

A. coming, leaving B. to come, to leave C. comes, leaves D. come, leave

7. Before he had no chance _____. A. to go to school B. to go school C. going to school D. to go to the school

8. Now the need __________ other people’s language is becoming greater and greater.

A. to learn B. learning C. to be learned D. being learned

9. This is an important matter. I need at least a day or two __________.

A. of thinking over it B. to think it over C. of thinking it over D. to think over it

10. It is time __________ wheat. A. for sow B. of sowing C. to sow D. to sowing

11. “Do you have any clothes __________ today?” the maid asked.

A.

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